CHEMICAL or THERMIT WELDING of RAILS

There are four methods employed for the welding of rails.

1. Electric Arc welding (Metal Arc welding)

2.Oxy – acetylene welding (gas pressure welding)

3.Flash Butt welding.

4.Chemical or Thermit welding.

Chemical or Thermit welding is widely used in renewal of rails. Generally the plant is mobile in nature and can be used at the site as well. This method involves the use of chemicals such as Aluminium and Iron Oxide. Heating of the two ends is done by the use of a furnace placed at the bottom of the rail joint. A mould is used to retain the liquid mixture and after the mixture solidifies, it is removed and the surface grinding is done.

In this method Aluminium and iron oxide are mixed in powder form and ignited.On ignition a chemical reaction takes place and produces intense heat .This reaction is exothermic in nature .

The reaction is as follows.

Fe2O3 + 2 Al = Al2 O3 +2 Fe + Heat

After the reaction Fe gets deposited in the gap of the rail ends which are preheated.

mould covering the rail joint.

portable plant and the pre- heating of rail joint

Aluminium and Iron Oxide mixture

Free counters

3D Max Rendering of a building-Easy Steps part II

Posted by warunathejana

CONTD FROM PART I

At the end of the part I you have completed the shell of the building. Now we need to assign materials to the shell.To do that just press M and open the material editor. From there you can easily drag and drop the material you want to the relevant element.For example drag and drop a glass material for glass elements.

You can access the material editor from the top menu as well.

Material Editor Button

Now we need to cut the windows of the building to give it life. For that first create a box to the required window size. You can use the following buttons .

Create a Box

Now colon the window box . Move the box with Shift key.It will ask for number of copies.Give the required number.

cloned 6 window boxes

Now select all boxes and colon them vertically .

all cloned boxes

then select the wall shell go compound objects,boolean pick aperand B and click on the box.you get a cut similar to window box size.

Then move your glass panel layer back to the position. Result is shown below.

Try these steps for any shape and apply correct materials.

If you need more detailed steps please drop a comment.i’ll be glad to help.

3D Max Rendering of a building-Easy Steps part I

Posted by warunathejana

Suppose you are a civil engineer given the task of producing a 3D max rendering of a proposed structure and you know next to nothing on how to do that.That was exactly my position some time ago.After a lot of reading and following the tutorials finally i figured out a way to do that.In other words the easy way out.Accordingly this post describes how to save your day and it is not exactly methodology of a graphic designer.

First of all you need full and complete Auto cad Drawings drawn to a scale of the structure.In my example structure is a 23 story hotel building . You need all the floor plans drawn to the same scale & units saved as blocks.

floor plan - ground floor to 10th floor

This is the Cad drawing from ground floor to 10th floor.As you can see here drawing is saved in 3 layers. The idea behind is to save time during the 3D maX work.The outer boundary ,core and some interior walls are assigned to different layers.In addition to this i intend to use glass panels for outer walls.To save time in Max we have to do a trick here.Copy paste the wanted sections and put them in to a different layer which is shown in blue color in the following picture.Now Cad drawing is almost complete. Save it as a block. Hot key is W+ Enter .

floor plan with window panels in blue

After saving the drawing as a block go to 3D max- file -import- Autocad Drawing-open.A window appears saying lot of stuff.Just make sure it shows the same units and hit ok. Now you see your plan in 4 view ports as shown in the following picture.

Autocad File imported to 3Ds Max

Now select the perspective view port and hit the “maximize viewport toggle ” button on bottom right hand corner.

Maximize Viewport toggle button

It gives a full screen view of the perspective viewport. Hit select object button on top.

select object button

Now click on the lift core.Go to “modify ” button modifier list and select extrude commend.

give the amount as 3.7 m (floor to floor height) .Then hit enter.You can see the magic happen in the viewport. All lift core done in 2 seconds.(well almost 😉 )